Armatures/Rigs, what are they & how do they work?

An Armature/Rig is made up of bones.
Bones can be parented to other bones, which will make them inherit movement from their parent bone.

The order in which all of the different bones are parented to each other, is called the hierarchy.

Technically a bone is simply a point (pivot) in space. These pivots have a name and an orientation (rotation) and as previously